University of Tartu study: wildlife collisions peak at dawn, dusk and in autumn

A doctoral thesis completed at the University of Tartu reveals that wildlife collisions on Estonian roads occur most frequently during peak traffic hours — sunrise and sunset. Autumn and spring are the most dangerous seasons for such accidents, with traffic density directly linked to collision rates.

A new doctoral thesis from the University of Tartu has found that wildlife collisions on Estonian roads are closely tied to traffic volume, with the highest number of incidents occurring during rush hours — particularly around sunrise and sunset.

The research shows that the denser the traffic on a given road, the greater the likelihood of a vehicle striking wildlife. This pattern holds true across different road types and regions of Estonia, suggesting that the sheer volume of vehicles on the road is a key risk factor.

Seasonal patterns

Looking at the time of year, the study identifies autumn and spring as the most hazardous seasons for wildlife collisions. These periods coincide with increased animal movement — during autumn, many species migrate or search for food before winter, while spring brings heightened activity as animals emerge after the colder months.

The findings highlight a convergence of factors that make certain times of day and year particularly dangerous: low light conditions at dawn and dusk reduce visibility for drivers, while high traffic volumes increase the statistical probability of an encounter with a crossing animal.

The research contributes to a growing body of knowledge aimed at improving road safety in Estonia and could inform future decisions on wildlife crossing infrastructure, speed limits, and warning systems in high-risk zones.